The Cosmic Cycles
The Four Yugas
Journey through the grand cosmic timeline of Hindu cosmology. Discover the four great epochs that govern the universe, each with its unique characteristics, challenges, and expressions of dharma.
In Hindu cosmology, time is cyclical, not linear. The universe passes through a grand cycle of four great epochs or Yugas. This cycle represents a gradual decline in dharma (righteousness), spiritual wisdom, and human virtue. Starting from a golden age of truth, humanity progressively descends into darkness and ignorance before the cycle renews itself. Each Yuga has distinct characteristics, and the spiritual path recommended for humanity evolves to suit the consciousness of that age.
Satya Yuga
The Age of Truth (Krita Yuga)
The first and most perfect age. Dharma reigns supreme, and humanity is characterized by truth, wisdom, and universal compassion. There is no crime, poverty, or disease.
- Dharma: Stands on all four pillars (Truth, Compassion, Austerity, and Charity).
- Key Avatar: Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, and Narasimha.
Treta Yuga
The Age of Ritual
The second age, where righteousness begins to decline. Great kingdoms rise, and humanity begins to engage in warfare and pursuit of desire. The primary mode of worship is through grand fire sacrifices (yajnas).
- Dharma: Stands on three pillars.
- Key Avatar: Vamana, Parashurama, and Rama (The Ramayana occurs).
Dvapara Yuga
The Age of Doubt
The third age, where dharma is diminished by half. Diseases, falsehood, and discontent become widespread. Human intellect is clouded, and scriptures are compiled to preserve divine knowledge.
- Dharma: Stands on two pillars.
- Key Avatar: Krishna (The Mahabharata and Bhagavad Gita unfold).
Kali Yuga
The Age of Darkness
The current and final age, marked by the greatest decline in spirituality and morality. Strife, hypocrisy, and ignorance are rampant. Dharma stands on only one leg, and liberation is achieved primarily through chanting the names of God.
- Dharma: Stands on one pillar (Charity).
- Key Avatar: Buddha and the future avatar, Kalki, who will appear at the end.